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Lesson 2Reasoning about Contexts with Tape Diagrams (Part 1)

Let’s use tape diagrams to make sense of different kinds of stories.

Learning Targets:

  • I can explain how a tape diagram represents parts of a situation and relationships between them.
  • I can use a tape diagram to find an unknown amount in a situation.

2.1 Remembering Tape Diagrams

2 tape diagrams
  1. What do you notice? What do you wonder?
  2. What are some possible values for a , b , and c in the first diagram?
    For x , y , and z in the second diagram? How did you decide on those values?

2.2 Every Picture Tells a Story

Here are three stories with a diagram that represents it. With your group, decide who will go first. That person explains why the diagram represents the story. Work together to find any unknown amounts in the story. Then, switch roles for the second diagram and switch again for the third. 

  1. Mai made 50 flyers for five volunteers in her club to hang up around school. She gave 5 flyers to the first volunteer, 18 flyers to the second volunteer, and divided the remaining flyers equally among the three remaining volunteers. 
    A tape diagram
  2. To thank her five volunteers, Mai gave each of them the same number of stickers. Then she gave them each two more stickers. Altogether, she gave them a total of 30 stickers.
    A tape diagram

  3. Mai distributed another group of flyers equally among the five volunteers. Then she remembered that she needed some flyers to give to teachers, so she took 2 flyers from each volunteer. Then, the volunteers had a total of 40 flyers to hang up.

    A tape diagram

2.3 Every Story Needs a Picture

Here are three more stories. Draw a tape diagram to represent each story. Then describe how you would find any unknown amounts in the stories.

  1. Noah and his sister are making gift bags for a birthday party. Noah puts 3 pencil erasers in each bag. His sister puts x stickers in each bag. After filling 4 bags, they have used a total of 44 items. 
    open applet in presentation mode
  2. Noah’s family also wants to blow up a total of 60 balloons for the party. Yesterday they blew up 24 balloons. Today they want to split the remaining balloons equally between four family members. 
    open applet in presentation mode
  3. Noah’s family bought some fruit bars to put in the gift bags. They bought one box each of four flavors: apple, strawberry, blueberry, and peach. The boxes all had the same number of bars. Noah wanted to taste the flavors and ate one bar from each box. There were 28 bars left for the gift bags. 
    open applet in presentation mode

Are you ready for more?

Design a tiling that uses a repeating pattern consisting of 2 kinds of shapes (e.g., 1 hexagon with 3 triangles forming a triangle). How many times did you repeat the pattern in your picture? How many individual shapes did you use?

Lesson 2 Summary

Tape diagrams are useful for representing how quantities are related and can help us answer questions about a situation. 

Suppose a school receives 46 copies of a popular book. The library takes 26 copies and the remainder are split evenly among 4 teachers. How many books does each teacher receive? This situation involves 4 equal parts and one other part. We can represent the situation with a rectangle labeled 26 (books given to the library) along with 4 equal-sized parts (books split among 4 teachers). We label the total, 46, to show how many the rectangle represents in all. We use a letter to show the unknown amount, which represents the number of books each teacher receives. Using the same letter, x , means that the same number is represented four times.

A tape diagram

Some situations have parts that are all equal, but each part has been increased from an original amount:

A company manufactures a special type of sensor, and packs them in boxes of 4 for shipment. Then a new design increases the weight of each sensor by 9 grams. The new package of 4 sensors weighs 76 grams. How much did each sensor weigh originally?

We can describe this situation with a rectangle representing a total of 76 split into 4 equal parts. Each part shows that the new weight, x+9 , is 9 more than the original weight, x .

A tape diagram

Lesson 2 Practice Problems

  1. The table shows the number of apples and the total weight of the apples.

    number of apples weight of apples (grams)
    2 511
    5 1200
    8 2016

    Estimate the weight of 6 apples.

  2. Select all stories that the tape diagram can represent.

    A tape diagram
    1. There are 87 children and 39 adults at a show. The seating in the theater is split into 4 equal sections.
    2. There are 87 first graders in after-care. After 39 students are picked up, the teacher put the remaining students into 4 groups for an activity.
    3. Lin buys a pack of 87 pencils. She gives 39 to her teacher and shared the remaining pencils between herself and 3 friends.
    4. Andre buys 4 packs of paper clips with 39 paper clips in each. Then he gives 87 paper clips to his teacher.
    5. Diego’s family spends $87 on 4 tickets to the fair and a $39 dinner.

  3. Andre wants to save $40 to buy a gift for his dad. Andre’s neighbor will pay him weekly to mow the lawn, but Andre always gives a $2 donation to the food bank in weeks when he earns money. Andre calculates that it will take him 5 weeks to earn the money for his dad’s gift. He draws a tape diagram to represent the situation.

    A tape diagram
    1. Explain how the parts of the tape diagram represent the story.
    2. How much does Andre’s neighbor pay him each week to mow the lawn?

  4. Without evaluating each expression, determine which value is the greatest. Explain how you know.

    1. 7\frac56 - 9\frac34
    2. (\text-7\frac56) + (\text-9\frac34)
    3. (\text-7\frac56) \boldcdot 9\frac34
    4. (\text-7\frac56) \div (\text-9\frac34)

  5. Solve each equation.

    1. (8.5) \boldcdot (\text-3) = a
    2. (\text-7) + b = (\text-11)
    3. c - (\text-3) = 15
    4. d \boldcdot (\text-4) = 32

  6. Elena’s aunt pays her $1 for each call she makes to let people know about her aunt’s new business. The table shows how much money Diego receives for washing windows for his neighbors. 

    number of windows number of dollars
    27 30
    45 50
    81 90

    Select all the statements about the situation that are true.

    1. Elena makes more money for making 10 calls than Diego makes for washing 10 windows.
    2. Diego makes more money for washing each window than Elena makes for making each call.
    3. Elena makes the same amount of money for 20 calls as Diego makes for 18 windows.
    4. Diego needs to wash 35 windows to make as much money as Elena makes for 40 calls.
    5. The equation y=\frac{9}{10}x , where y is number of dollars and x is number of windows, represents Diego’s situation.
    6. The equation y=x , where y is the number of dollars and x is the number of calls, represents Elena’s situation.