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Lesson 11What Is the Same?

Let’s decide whether shapes are the same.

Learning Targets:

  • I can decide visually whether or not two figures are congruent.

11.1 Find the Right Hands

A person’s hands are mirror images of each other. In the diagram, a left hand is labeled. Shade all of the right hands.

7 congruent figures are shown with the label left hand.

11.2 Are They the Same?

For each pair of shapes, decide whether or not they are the same.

Sets A, B, and C are made of 2 different shapes.

11.3 Area, Perimeter, and Congruence

Rectangles A, B, C, D, E, and F are shown. Some have different angles and side lengths.
  1. Which of these rectangles have the same area as Rectangle R but different perimeter?
  2. Which rectangles have the same perimeter but different area?
  3. Which have the same area and the same perimeter?
  4. Use materials from the geometry tool kit to decide which rectangles are congruent. Shade congruent rectangles with the same color.

Are you ready for more?

In square ABCD , points E , F , G , and H are midpoints of their respective sides. What fraction of square ABCD is shaded? Explain your reasoning.

A square is divided into several parts and a center square is shaded.

Lesson 11 Summary

Congruent is a new term for an idea we have already been using. We say that two figures are congruent if one can be lined up exactly with the other by a sequence of rigid transformations. For example, triangle EFD is congruent to triangle ABC because they can be matched up by reflecting triangle ABC across AC followed by the translation shown by the arrow. Notice that all corresponding angles and side lengths are equal.

3 congruent triangles are shown.

Here are some other facts about congruent figures:

  • We don’t need to check all the measurements to prove two figures are congruent; we just have to find a sequence of rigid transformations that match up the figures.

  • A figure that looks like a mirror image of another figure can be congruent to it. This means there must be a reflection in the sequence of transformations that matches up the figures.

  • Since two congruent polygons have the same area and the same perimeter, one way to show that two polygons are not congruent is to show that they have a different perimeter or area.

Glossary Terms

congruent

One figure is congruent to another if it can be moved with translations, rotations, and reflections to fit exactly over the other.

In the figure, Triangle A is congruent to Triangles B, C, and D. A translation takes Triangle A to Triangle B, a rotation takes Triangle B to Triangle C, and a reflection takes Triangle C to Triangle D.

Triangles A, B, C, and D are all congruent.

Lesson 11 Practice Problems

  1. If two rectangles have the same perimeter, do they have to be congruent? Explain how you know.

  2. Draw two rectangles that have the same area, but are not congruent.

  3. For each pair of shapes, decide whether or not it appears that the two shapes are congruent. Explain your reasoning.

    1. Two congruent ovals are shown
    2. Two congruent figures are shown

    1. Reflect Quadrilateral A over the x -axis. Label the image quadrilateral B. Reflect Quadrilateral B over the y -axis. Label the image C.

      Figure A is shown on a graph

    2. Are Quadrilaterals A and C congruent? Explain how you know.

  5. The point (\text-2,\text-3) is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise using center (0,0) . What are the coordinates of the image?

    1. (\text-3,\text-2)
    2. (\text-3,2)
    3. (3,\text-2)
    4. (3,2)

  6. Describe a rigid transformation that takes Polygon A to Polygon B.

    Two congruent figures are shown on a graph.