Section A: Practice Problems Features of Patterns

Section Summary

Details

In this section, we looked at different patterns of shapes and patterns of numbers. We saw shapes that grew or repeated by certain rules, and we used numbers to help us see how the shapes changed. Here are some examples of the patterns:

  • Shapes that grow by a rule: add 1 row of equal-size squares

    • Area of the rectangle: 4, 6, 8, 10, …

  • Shapes that repeat by a rule: triangle, circle, triangle, square, repeat

    • ▲ : 1, 3, 5, 7, …

    • ◯ : 2, 6, 10, …

    • ▨ : 4, 8, 12, …

  • Rectangles that change by a rule: increase the length of the rectangle by 5 inches

    • Side length:
      5, 10, 15, 20, …

    • Area:
      15, 30, 45, 60, …

    • Perimeter:
      16, 26, 36, 46, …

  • Numbers that change by a rule

    • Add 9: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45

    • Add 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

We learned to extend the patterns by first finding their rule. Sometimes we can use addition and multiplication to represent a rule and then extend the pattern. Other times we can see how the digits in the numbers change to make predictions.

Problem 1 (Pre-Unit)

Here is a list of the first ten multiples of 5:

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50

  1. Circle the multiples of 10 in the list.

  2. What do you notice about where the multiples of 10 are on the list?

  3. Why do you think that is?

Problem 2 (Pre-Unit)

Find the value of each expression.

Problem 3 (Pre-Unit)

There are 418 students at Jada’s school. There are 135 fewer students at Noah’s school. How many students are there at Jada’s and Noah’s schools together? Explain or show your reasoning.

Problem 4 (Pre-Unit)

  1. What is the value of the digit 6 in each of the numbers?

    • 165

    • 18,622

    • 675,219

  2. Complete this statement so that it is true:

    The value of the 6 in 675,219 is times that of the 6 in 165.

Problem 5 (Pre-Unit)

Find the value of each sum and difference.​​​​​

Problem 6 (Lesson 1)

  1. Mai follows a rule to build a pattern of square blocks. What might the next 2 shapes in Mai’s pattern look like? Sketch the shapes or describe them.

    pattern of square blocks.

  2. Will Mai’s pattern ever use 20 squares? Explain your reasoning.

Problem 7 (Lesson 2)

Han types the letters a, s, d, f and then repeats them in that order, over and over.

  1. What is the 5th letter Han will type? What about the 10th? The 20th?

  2. If Han numbers the letters he types, starting with 1 for the first a, what numbers will go with the first 6 f’s he types?

  3. What do you notice about the numbers for the f’s?

Problem 8 (Lesson 3)

Here is the first rectangle in a pattern. For each step in a pattern of rectangles, the short side stays the same and the long side grows by 2 centimeters.

Rectangle. Horizontal side, 3 centimeters. Vertical side, 1 centimeter.

​​​​​

  1. Draw the next 4 steps in the rectangle pattern. Include the length and width of each rectangle.

  2. Can the perimeter of the rectangle, in centimeters, be an even number? Explain your reasoning.

  3. Can the area of the rectangle, in square centimeters, be an even number? Explain your reasoning.

Problem 9 (Lesson 4)

  1. Make a list of the first ten multiples of 8.

  2. What pattern do you see in the digits in the ones place? How are the digits changing?

  3. Why do you think it is changing that way?

Problem 10 (Exploration)

  1. Make a list of the multiples of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Stop when you get a multiple of 10. For example, for 2, the list is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

  2. What do you notice about your lists? Make some observations.

Problem 11 (Exploration)

Tyler draws this picture and writes the equation .

diagram. 3 rows of 3 circles of different colors. Top row, red, red, red. Middle row, blue, blue, red. Bottom row, black, blue, red.

  1. How do you think the equation relates to the picture?

  2. Tyler keeps drawing circles to make larger squares. How many new circles does he need to draw to make a 4-by-4 square, and then a 5-by-5 square?

  3. What pattern do you notice in the number of circles Tyler adds each time?

  4. Why do you think the number of circles is increasing that way?

Problem 12 (Exploration)

A growing pattern of squares that makes rectangles is shown here.

pattern of rectangles.

  1. Find the area and perimeter of the rectangles in steps 2 and 3.

    step

    number of squares

    area of rectangle (square units)

    perimeter of rectangle (units)

    1

    2

    3

  2. Consider patterns you see in the chart. Extend the values in each column as if the pattern continued in steps 4 and 5.

  3. Draw the next two diagrams (for steps 4 and 5). Were your predictions for the area and perimeter of each rectangle correct?

  4. How would you describe this pattern to a classmate?

Problem 13 (Exploration)

Mai and Tyler are each making their own pattern.

Some of their pattern symbols are the same, some are different. The table shows the first six symbols in Mai’s pattern and the first four in Tyler’s pattern.

Mai’s pattern

@

#

$

@

#

$

Tyler’s pattern

~

@

~

@

  1. What are the next two symbols in Tyler’s pattern? Explain your reasoning.

  2. At what step do you think Mai and Tyler will next both draw the same symbol at the same time? Explain or show how you know.